A numeric value is a value in the form of a number. Basically there are three types of numbers in python –
- int
- float
- complex
A variable of numeric type is created as soon as you assign a numeric value to it. For eg
x = 1
int
‘int’ stands for integer values. Int is a whole number that can be positive, negative or zero. An integer is a number that
is without decimal. There is no limit of length of integers in python.
For example
x = 11
y = -145
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
Output
<class ‘int’>
<class ‘float’>
float
Float stands for ‘floating point number’, which can be a positive or negative number containing decimal.
For example
x = 1.4
y = 12.45
z = -41.67
print(type(x))
Output
<class ‘float’>
complex
A complex number is a number in which one part is a real part and the other part is imaginary.
Note : In mathematics, the imaginary part can be written by using any letter, but in python it should always be written as ‘j’.
For example
x = 4 + 5j
print(type(x))
Output
<class ‘complex’>
Type casting (type conversion) :
A number can be converted from one type to another. For that, there are some inbuit functions in python – int(),
float() and complex().
int() function: The int() function converts an argument into it’s equaivalent integer value.
float() function: The float() function converts an argument into it’s equaivalent float value.
complex() function: The complex() function converts an argument into it’s equaivalent complex value.
Converting from int to float
x = 1
a = float(x)
print(a)
print(type(a))
Output
1.0
<class ‘float’>
Converting from float to int
x = 1.4
a = int(x)
print(a)
print(type(a))
Output
1
<class ‘int’>
Converting from float to complex
x = 4.2
a = complex(x)
print(a)
print(type(a))
Output
1 + 0j
<class ‘complex’>
Note : An integer number or a float number can be converted to a complex number, but a complex number can not be converted to int or float.